Ezweni lanamuhla elisheshayo, ukudla okusemathinini sekuyinto elula kakhulu emakhishini emhlabeni jikelele. Phakathi kwalokhu, amakhowe asemathinini athole ukuthandwa kabanzi ngenxa yokunambitheka kwawo okuyingqayizivele kanye nenani lokudla okunomsoco. Kodwa bewazi ukuthi lokhu kudla okubonakala kujwayelekile kunomlando wentuthuko othakazelisayo wekhulu leminyaka?
Umlando wamakhowe asemathinini ungalandelelwa emuva enkathini kaNapoleon ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-19. Uhulumeni waseFrance, efuna izixazululo zokugcina ukudla ngesikhathi semikhankaso yezempi, wanikeza umvuzo ngamasu okugcina ukudla asebenzayo. UNicolas Appert wasungula indlela yokuvala ukudla ezitsheni zeglasi nokukufudumala, okubhekwa njengophawu lobuchwepheshe bokufaka ukudla emathinini. Nakuba u-Appert ekuqaleni agxile ekulondolozeni inyama nemifino, inqubo yakhe yabeka isisekelo sokuthuthukiswa kamuva kwamakhowe asemathinini.
Isisusa sangempela sokukhiqizwa kwamakhowe asemathinini ngokuhweba savela maphakathi nekhulu le-19. Ngokuvuthwa kobuchwepheshe bethini kanye nentuthuko ezinqubweni zokubulala amagciwane, amakhowe asemathinini aqala ukungena emakethe enkulu. Ngokuthakazelisayo, amakhowe asemathinini okuqala ayebhekwa njengezinto zokunethezeka phakathi kwezigaba eziphakeme zaseYurophu. Ngenxa yokutholakala kwesizini kanye nokuntuleka kwamakhowe asendle, izinhlobo ezisemathinini zaba yindlela kuphela yokujabulela lesi sidlo esimnandi esingesizini, sibiza amanani aphezulu.
Ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20 kwaphawula ushintsho olukhulu kumakhowe asemathinini. Ngokuthuthuka kwezindlela zokulima—ikakhulukazi ukufuywa okukhulu kwe-Agaricus bisporus (amakhowe angenantambo)—ukukhiqizwa kwanda kakhulu ngenkathi izindleko zehla kakhulu. Lolu shintsho lwaguqula amakhowe asemathinini kusukela ezintweni zokunethezeka kwaba imikhiqizo yansuku zonke esetshenziswayo. Phakathi nazo zombili iziMpi Zomhlaba, ukudla okusemathinini kwasebenza njengezinto ezibalulekile zempi, okwaholela ekuthuthukisweni okwengeziwe kobuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza nokulondoloza, okwakhulisa ukusetshenziswa kwamakhowe asemathinini.
Kusukela ngawo-1950 kuya ku-1970, amakhowe asemathinini angena "eNkathini Yegolide." Ngokululama komnotho womhlaba wonke kanye nentuthuko esheshayo embonini yokudla, amakhowe asemathinini athola ukuthandwa phakathi kwabanikazi bamakhaya kanye nomkhakha wezinsizakalo zokudla ngenxa yokulula kwawo kanye nokuvumelana kwawo. Lesi sikhathi sabona izinto ezintsha eziningi, okuhlanganisa izinhlobo ezahlukene zomkhiqizo njengamakhowe asikiwe naqoshiwe, kanye nemikhiqizo eyahlukahlukene egcinwe ku-brine, uwoyela womnqumo, noma amasoso akhethekile.
Kwavela isenzakalo esithakazelisayo samasiko njengoba amakhowe asemathinini ethatha indima ekhethekile emikhosini yendabuko emazweni ahlukahlukene. ENyakatho Melika, isobho lamakhowe elikhilimu elisemathinini laba yinto ebalulekile ekulungiseleleni izitsha zendabuko zokubonga kanye nekaKhisimusi. EMpumalanga Yurophu, amakhowe asemathinini akha izingxenye ezibalulekile zokudla kokuzila ukudla kwangoKhisimusi. Kuyo yonke iMpumalanga Asia, amakhowe asemathinini asetshenziswa kabanzi ezitsheni ezishisayo nasekuphekeni kwansuku zonke.
Ukungena ekhulwini lama-21, ukuthuthukiswa kwamakhowe asemathinini kuye kwathatha izinkomba ezintsha. Njengoba ulwazi olukhulayo ngokudla okunempilo lukhula, abathengi sebekhathazeke kakhulu ngokuqukethwe kokudla okusemathinini. Ucwaningo lubonisa ukuthi izinqubo ezifanele zokuwafaka emathinini zingalondoloza ngempumelelo amaprotheni amakhowe, i-fiber yokudla, amavithamini B, kanye nokuqukethwe kwamaminerali. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, imikhiqizo ene-sodium ephansi kanye nemikhiqizo engenazo izithako iye yathandwa kakhulu.
Iminyaka yamuva nje ibone enye intuthuko ethakazelisayo: ukufakwa emathinini kwezinhlobo zamakhowe ezikhethekile. Ngaphandle kwamakhowe avamile, izimakethe manje zinikeza amakhowe e-shiitake, i-enoki, i-king oyster, nokuningi, okuhambisana nesidingo sabathengi sokunambitheka okuhlukahlukene kanye nokudla okunempilo.
Okuphawulekayo ukuthi amakhowe asemathinini aqinisekise indawo yawo ezinhlelweni zokudla kwasemkhathini. Isisindo sawo esilula, ukulondolozwa okulula, kanye nokuceba kokudla okunomsoco kuwenze athola indawo kumenyu ye-International Space Station, esebenza njengenye yezindlela ezimbalwa zemifino emisha ezitholakalayo kubagibeli bezinkanyezi emkhathini.
Ukukhula kolwazi ngemvelo kudale namathuba amasha amakhowe asemathinini. Uma kuqhathaniswa nokuthuthwa kwemifino emisha kude, amakhowe akhiqizwe endaweni kanye namakhowe asemathinini ngezinye izikhathi angashiya umthelela omncane wekhabhoni, okuhambisana nezimiso zentuthuko esimeme.
Izincomo Zomkhiqizo
Njengoba sesihlole umlando ocebile wamakhowe asemathinini, siyajabula ukwethula okunikezwayo kwethu okuphezulu.
Amakhowe ethu atholakala ngokucophelela ezisekelweni zokulima ezisezingeni eliphezulu futhi acutshungulwa lapho ukunambitheka kwawo sekuvuthiwe. Sisebenzisa ubuchwepheshe besimanje bokubulala amagciwane obumnene, sikhulisa ukulondolozwa kwezakhamzimba zawo zemvelo kanye nokuthungwa kwawo. Ithini ngalinye licebile ngamaprotheni, i-fiber yokudla, kanye namaminerali ahlukahlukene, okwenza kube ukukhetha okuhle kakhulu kokudla okunempilo.
Ngokuphathelene nokunambitheka, umkhiqizo wethu uletha kahle i-umami essence ehlukile necebile yamakhowe. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi aphelele, aqoshiwe, noma aqoshiwe, agcina ukuthungwa kwawo kuqinile futhi kunephunga lemvelo. Alungele ukusetshenziswa ngqo kusuka ethini, ongela isikhathi sokulungiselela esibalulekile.
Amakhowe asethinini anezinto eziningi kakhulu—ikhaya langempela lasekhishini:
Ukupheka OkusheshayoAkukho ukuhlanza noma ukucwilisa okudingekayo; ilungele ama-stir-fries namasobho.
Ukudla KwaseNtshonalanga: Ukukhetha okuhle kwama-pizza, amasoso e-pasta, kanye nesobho lamakhowe elikhilimu.
Izitsha zase-Asia: Isengezo esihle kakhulu emabhodweni ashisayo, izitsha eziphekiwe, kanye nokudla kwelayisi.
Ukudla Okunempilo: Amakhalori aphansi futhi anomsoco omningi, afanele izinhlelo ezahlukene zokudla.
Sinamathela ngokuqinile ezindinganisweni zokuphepha kokudla zomhlaba wonke, siqinisekisa ukuthembeka kuzo zonke izigaba kusukela ekutholeni kuya emkhiqizweni wokugcina. Ukupakishwa okusemathinini kuvumela ukugcinwa isikhathi eside ekamelweni lokushisa ngaphandle kokuphazamisa ukunambitheka noma inani lokudla okunempilo.
Kule ndlela yokudla yekhulu leminyaka emibili, sihlanganisa ubuchwepheshe besimanje nokuzibophezela okungapheli ekhwalithini. Imikhiqizo yethu ayigcini nje ngokuqhubeka nesiko lesikhathi eside lamakhowe asemathinini kodwa futhi ibonisa intuthuko yokucubungula ukudla kwanamuhla. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi unguchwepheshe omatasa, umthandi wokupheka, noma umthengi oqaphela impilo, uzothola ikhambi elimnandi nelilula elenzelwe izidingo zakho.
Mayelana NATHI
Siyinkampani egxile ekukhiqizweni kokudla okusemathinini okuseqophelweni eliphezulu, sinolwazi lwamashumi eminyaka embonini. Sizinikele ekuhlanganiseni amasu endabuko nobuchwepheshe besimanje, sinikeza abathengi izinketho zokudla eziphephile, ezimnandi, nezinempilo.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Disemba-09-2025