Njengoba uDisemba ufika, izigidigidi emhlabeni wonke zizicwilisa esimweni sokugubha sikaKhisimusi—izibani ezikhanyayo, izihlahla ezihlotshisiwe, amaculo ajabulisayo, kanye nokulindela ukuphana izipho. Kodwa-ke, izimpande zomlando zalo mkhosi “wenjabulo emhlabeni” ziyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu futhi ziyathakazelisa kunalokho abaningi abakuqaphelayo. Ukuvela kukaKhisimusi kuyindaba enkulu ehlanganisa isiko, inkolo, nomlando, ehlanganisa imikhosi yobuqaba, imfundiso yobuKrestu, izinganekwane, kanye nempucuko yezentengiselwano yanamuhla.
1. Imfihlakalo Yosuku: Kungani Kwaba Ngumhlaka-25 Disemba?
Umbuzo oyisisekelo nothakazelisayo uthi: kungani kufanele kugujwe ukuzalwa kukaJesu ngoDisemba 25? ITestamente Elisha alisho usuku oluqondile lokuzalwa kukaJesu. Izazi-mlando nezazi zemfundiso yenkolo zivumelana kabanzi ngokuthi iSonto lokuqala lakhetha lolu suku ukuze lithathe futhi liguqule imikhosi eminingi ebalulekile yobuqaba eyayithandwa eMbusweni wamaRoma.
Umkhosi obaluleke kakhulu ohambisana nawo kwakuyi-"Dies Natalis Solis Invicti" (Ukuzalwa Kwelanga Elinganqotshwanga). Ekhalendeni likaJulius, uDisemba 25 uwela ngokushesha ngemva kwe-solstice yasebusika, okuphawula ukubuya kwezinsuku ezinde kanye namandla elanga. UMbusi u-Aurelian wasungula ngokusemthethweni lo mkhosi ngo-274 AD ukuze akhulekele unkulunkulu welanga uSol. Ngokubeka usuku olufanayo ukugubha ukuzalwa kukaJesu, abambiza ngokuthi "iLanga Lokulunga," iSonto lokuqala lagcwalisa usuku ngezimpawu ezijulile: "Ukukhanya Kwezwe" kwangempela kwase kufike, kwathatha indawo yokukhulekelwa kwelanga kobuqaba.
Ngesikhathi esifanayo, umkhosi wamaRoma weSaturnalia, oqala ngoDisemba 17 kuya ku-23, wafaka isandla kuhlobo lokuzijabulisa kuKhisimusi. Phakathi nalesi sikhathi, ukuhleleka komphakathi kwaguqulwa okwesikhashana: izigqila zazikwazi ukudla namakhosi azo, abantu babeshintshana izipho, badle idili, bakhanyise amakhandlela, futhi bahlanganyele emikhosini evamile. Lezi zinto kamuva zafakwa emikhosini kaKhisimusi.
2. Kusukela Ekugubheni Inkolo Kuya Ekujabuleni Kwangenkathi Ephakathi
Ngemva kokusungulwa ngokusemthethweni yiSonto lamaRoma cishe ngekhulu lesi-4, imikhosi kaKhisimusi eYurophu yasendulo, ikakhulukazi eziQhingini zaseBrithani, kancane kancane yaba nkulu futhi... inomsindo. Kwakungeyona nje iholide lenkolo kodwa kwakuyisizini yemikhosi yomphakathi yezinsuku eziyishumi nambili (kusukela ngoDisemba 25 kuya kuJanuwari 6, i-Epiphany).
Elinye lamasiko alo adumile kakhulu kwakuwukukhethwa "kweNkosi Yokubusa Okubi" noma "u-Abbot Wokungacabangi." Phakathi nalesi sikhathi, abantu abavamile babengadlala indima yamakhosi, kuyilapho igunya langempela lalimiswa okwesikhashana, ligcwele ukugconwa nokuvukela umbuso. Ukudla, ukuphuza, imibuthano, nemidlalo eyahlukahlukene kwagcwalisa imigwaqo. Lolu hlobo lokugubha lwaba yinto engabalulekile futhi ephithizelayo kangangokuthi kamuva lwavusa ukuphikiswa okukhulu kwamaPuritan.
3. Ukuvinjelwa kwamaPuritan kanye nokuvuselelwa kweVictorian
Ngekhulu le-17, amaPuritan eNgilandi nasemakoloni aseNyakatho Melika ayebheka uKhisimusi njengongenasisekelo esingokweBhayibheli futhi ayebheka imikhosi yawo njengeyonakele, engcolile, futhi enomsuka wobuqaba. Ngesikhathi sokubusa kukaCromwell, imikhosi kaKhisimusi yavalwa okwesikhashana eNgilandi. EMassachusetts Bay Colony, ukugubha uKhisimusi kwakungavunyelwe ngisho nakancane kusukela ngo-1659 kuya ku-1681.
Isithombe sanamuhla sikaKhisimusi sibangelwa kakhulu yiBrithani yesikhathi sikaVictoria (ikhulu le-19). Phakathi nalesi sikhathi, abantu ababili ababalulekile kanye nomsebenzi wokubhala bachaza kabusha uKhisimusi:
- INkosana u-Albert: Wethula isiko laseJalimane lokuhlobisa izihlahla zikaKhisimusi emndenini wasebukhosini waseBrithani, elaba yindaba yesizwe ngemuva kokusakazwa kwabezindaba.
- UCharles Dickens: Incwadi yakhe ka-1843I-Carol KaKhisimusiyathandwa kakhulu umoya oyinhloko "wokuhlangana komndeni," "uthando kanye nentando enhle," "ukwabelana ngokuphana," kanye "nezipoki zamaholide." Le ncwadi yashintsha ngempumelelo uKhisimusi kusukela emcimbini womphakathi yaba iholide elifudumele, eligxile emndenini eligcwele ububele nokuzindla kokuziphatha.
- Phakathi naleso sikhathi, intuthuko kwezobuchwepheshe bokunyathelisa kusukela ku-Industrial Revolution yenze ikhadi likaKhisimusi lathandwa kakhulu, okuqinisa umsebenzi weholide wokudlulisa izibusiso nezikhumbuzo.
4. Inganekwane "Yokwenziwa" kaSanta Claus
USanta Claus wanamuhla—indoda ejabule, egqoke isudi ebomvu nemhlophe eletha izipho ngesileyidi esidonswe yizinyamazane kanye noshimula—umkhiqizo odumile “wokuhlanganiswa kwamasiko.”
- Isibonelo sakhe nguSanta Nicholas, umbhishobhi wekhulu lesi-4 wase-Asia Minor owaziwa ngokupha izipho ngasese.
- Abokufika baseDashi baletha isithombe sabo esithi "Sinterklaas" eNew Amsterdam (manje eyiNew York), futhi igama lakhe lashintsha kancane kancane laba "uSanta Claus."
- Imbongi yekhulu le-19 uClement Clarke Moore"Ukuvakashelwa KukaSt. Nicholas"(okwaziwa futhinjengoba 'kwakuyibusuku ngaphambi kukaKhisimusi) wengeze imininingwane efana ne-reindeer, i-sleigh, kanye nokungena ngeshimini.
- Ekugcineni, umdwebi waseMelika uThomas Nast, ngokusebenzisa uchungechunge lwezithombe kusukela ngawo-1860 kuya ku-1880, waqinisekisa kakhulu ukubukeka kukaSanta wanamuhla: okhuluphele, onentshebe emhlophe, futhi ohlala eNorth Pole.
- Uchungechunge lwezikhangiso ze-Coca-Cola Company ngawo-1930, eziboniswe ngumdwebi uHaddon Sundblom, zaqhubeka nokwakha isithombe sikaSanta esibomvu nesimhlophe emhlabeni wonke. Nakuba singeyona imvelaphi yaso, lo mkhankaso wadlala indima ebalulekile ekuqiniseni nasekusabalaliseni ukubukeka okudumile manje.
5. Imikhosi Ehlukahlukene Ezweni Lomhlaba Wonke
Namuhla, uKhisimusi usudlule imvelaphi yawo yenkolo waba yinto yamasiko yomhlaba wonke, wakha amasiko ahlukile emhlabeni wonke:
- EJapane, uKhisimusi ufana noSuku LukaValentine oluthandwayo, futhi ukujabulela i-"Christmas Barrel" ye-KFC sekuyisiko lesizwe elingavamile.
- ESweden, abantu bakha utshani olukhulu oluthi "Gävle Goat," oluvame ukuba yisisulu semizamo yokushiswa ngama-pranksters.
- EVenezuela, ngobusuku bukaKhisimusi, izakhamuzi zivame ukugibela i-roller-skate ukuya esontweni ukuze ziyokhonza iMisa.
- EPhilippines, baziqhenya ngesizini kaKhisimusi ende kunazo zonke emhlabeni, kusukela ngoSepthemba kuya kuJanuwari.
Isiphetho
Kusukela emikhosini ye-solstice yasebusika yaseRoma yasendulo, kuya emcimbini wokuzilibazisa weNkathi Ephakathi, kuya kumthwali wezindinganiso zomndeni enkathini yamaVictoria, kanye nokuhweba nokufudumala kwanamuhla kwamaholide omhlaba wonke, umlando kaKhisimusi uyindaba ecacile yokuzivumelanisa nezimo kanye nokuhlangana kwempucuko. Usikhumbuza ukuthi amasiko awami ndawonye kodwa athola amandla ahlala njalo ngokumunca okuqhubekayo, ukuguqulwa, kanye nokusungula izinto ezintsha. Uma sikhanyisa izibani zesihlahla sikaKhisimusi namuhla, asixhumani nje kuphela nokufudumala komndeni kodwa futhi nomfula wezinkanyezi okhazimulayo, ohlanganisa iminyaka eyinkulungwane, owakhiwe ukuhlangana kwamasiko amaningi kanye nemizwa yabantu ehlanganyelwe.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Disemba-25-2025